1. History nature and scope of horticulture. 2. Divisions of horticulture. 3. Classifying and naming horticultural plants. 4. Climate and weather. 5. Soils environment and plant growth. 6. Plant water relations and management. 7. Growth and development of horticultural crops a physiological approach. 8. Stress physiology of horticultural crops. 9. Mineral nutrition and the inorganic fertilizer support. 10. Manures and biofertilizers for horticultural crops. 11. Methods of cultivation. 12. Methods of irrigation. 13. Soilless production of horticultural crops (water sand and gravel culture). 14. Greenhouse construction and related equipments. 15. Plant growth substances (physiological molecular and agricultural aspects). 16. Plant growth regulators methods of application and evaluation of responses. 17. Weed management principles and practices. 18. Mulches. 19. Diseases of horticultural crops. 20. Management of pests and soil organisms. 21. Synseeds or synthetic seeds.